[EVIDENCE OF AFRICANS IN MESOPOTAMIA] If people realize that Sumerians were Eur-African people, this means Sumerians were descendants of Africans. So even from a conservative point of view,the existence of Sumerian civilization means that the descendants of Africans occupied southern Mesopotamia. So the Sumerians themselves could be considered Africans inhabiting Mesopotamia,or Hamites(negroids) inhabiting Mesopotamia. The meaning of Sumerians being identified as Eur-African might be something for people to ponder further... ------------------- European archaeologists have confused this issue by labelling Ethiopians(east Africans) as caucasoids. So if there were migrations of east africans into Mesopotamia, it would be difficult to tell from scientific literature, because European scientists decided to label Ethiopians as caucasoid. If there were East African migrations into Mesopotamia, then those East Africans have been labelled as Caucasoid. So if East Africans did migrate into Mesopotamia, European scientists have confused their origin by vaguely labelling them as Caucasoid rather than identiying them as East African. Therefore, such craniometric mislabeling of Ethiopians gives rise questions about whether some of the Caucasoid skulls in Mesopotamia might be Ethiopian(East African) in origin. Perhaps only a reexamination of the skulls found in Sumer(ancient Mesopotamia) might resolve this issue. ------------------- The bible writers suggest there was an African presence in Mesopotamia via the stories associated with Nimrod. However, the kingdom of Nimrod was possibly a very mixed or cosmopolitan kingdom, uniting many nations. So is it possible that the Nimrod Kingdom was a brief political entity that brought together Africans and various other nations? Maybe the Nimrod Kingdom did not leave much evidence in the archaeological record of Black Africans, but it left plenty of evidence of their Eur-african descendants (the Sumerians). Whether the Nimrod Kingdom existed for any long period of time, there were probably much older Black African kingdoms in nearby Arabia. Nimrod was said to found the cities of Babylon, Akkad and Uruk(Erech) and Calneh in Mesopotamia. [Calneh may not be a city but an expression which means "all of them" . And Babylon might be a reference to the nearby city of Kish which is much older than Babylon.] Havilah is probably much older than the Nimrod Kingdom: Havilah being associated with Eden before the flood of Noah.(Genesis 2:11) And Nimrod's Kingdom was said to be established After Noah's flood.(Genesis Chapters 10 and 11) Is it possible that Nimrod is a coded expression meaning "colonists from Havilah"? i.e. Ethiopian colonists that established a brief civilized Kingdom in Mesopotamia? Maybe a kingdom that was quickly swallowed up by migrations/invasions of Sumerians? The Sumerian records say that their cities were given to them by the gods: that the gods established the foundations of the cities. Might this suggest that Sumerians had god-like ancestors who built the cities and "gave" the cities to the Sumerian nation? Were the Sumerians a nation that was once ruled over by god-like builders of cities ? Did the builders of cities die out and leave the cities to Sumerians? Were the founders of such cities perhaps a small Ethiopian elite ruling over a large kingdom of various nations? Did those nations intermingle to became the Sumerian nation ? Did the Ethiopian Elite (few in number) eventually intermarry with the Sumerian populace and disappear from Shinar ? More recent history has provided examples of this, such as a Norman Elite ruling over an Anglo-Saxon populace in England. And the Norman elite becoming extinct after a few centuries. Did similar extinctions happen in the Fertile Crescent thousands of years ago? ---------------------- Summary: If there were East African migrations into Mesopotamia, European scientists have confused the evidence by labeling Ethiopians(East Africans) as Caucasoid. It is possible that an Ethiopian-controlled kingdom existed thousands of years ago Mesopotamia and Arabia. Such an Ethiopian kingdom possibly left Eur-African descendants (the Sumerians). Stories about the Nimrod Kingdom suggest it was a very cosmopolitan kingdom, uniting many different nations.i.e. Nimrod united various nations (Genesis 10:1,6). Because it was such a racially mixed political entity, perhaps the Nimrod Kingdom did not leave much evidence of Black Africans in Mesopotamia. But again, it left much evidence in terms of Eur-african descendants (the Sumerians). Perhaps most of the evidence of Black African migrations would be in nearby Arabia, where the bible suggests there were several Black African kingdoms. So there is much evidence of the descendants of Black Africans in Mesopotamia.[This webpage regards Ethiopians as Black Africans] The Sumerians were descendants of Black Africans (Sumerians being Eur-Africans): Sumerians being of the dolicocephalic skull type. So large Black African populations probably existed previously in Mesopotamia or somewhere nearby Mesopotamia, probably mostly in Arabia. To identity Sumerians as Eur-African probably means that there were strong African influences in Mesopotamia, even from a conservative point of view (once people realize that Sumerians were Eur-african people). ============================================== return to main page: http://sumerdecoded.com/index_.htm